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| filaria |
Lymphatic filarial
Raview helmint
Nematodes there are two:
A. N. intestine
2. N. network
Nematodes have characteristics:
1. skin: the skin enveloped by a cuticle (a layer of dead cells), and can change the skin (eksufikasi).
2. Nervous system: nervous tissue present in the cuticle.
3. intestinal tract: intestinal organ consists of the intestine front, middle and back.
4. reproduction: the females are always in pairs (ovary, oviduct, and uterus), while the unpaired male (testes and spicules).
5. egg: a fertilized egg cell membrane and the oval yellow.
6. Flyblow
Modes of transmission of nematodes:
A. eating infective eggs (containing embryos or larvae).
2. worm larvae penetrate the skin or infiltration.
3. eat the larvae contained in cysts.
4. animal vector arthropods.
General morphology of N. network
Has two main stages:
A. filaria (adult worms), such as yarn / tali.lebih often in the tissues, channels / lymph vessels
2. microfilariae (larvae) of peripheral blood circulation of animals / humans, the eyes, nose back
Filarial Microfilaria
TRANSMISSION
Biting insects - blood sucking / through skin wounds or skin tissue.
Each species has its own vector.
A. Wuchereria bancrofti vektomya Culex, Aedes, Anopheles.
2. B. malayi and B. timori by Anopheles and Mansonia.
3. Loa loa by Chrysops flies.
4. O. volvulus by Simulium black flies.
5. M. ozzardi by Simulium Colicoides and.
6. D. medinensis by cyclops
DISTRIBUTION
The various species causing clinical filariasis by name:
A. Wuchereria bancrofti, malayi and timori: elephantiasis / elephantiasis.
2. Loa loa cause loaiasis or Calabar swelling.
3. Onchocerca volvulus causing cutaneous filariasis or onchocersiasis (pd conjungtiva blind)
4. Mansonella ozzardi cause injury and inflammation
Identification
Examination of samples: blood, skin biopsy, sometimes urine, cerebrospinal fluid.
Identification is established by finding microfilariae and filarial stage
Need to know the nature of the periodicity of the parasite.
Periodicity is:
time / period when the microfilariae in the blood.
there are two properties of periodicity:
A. nocturnal (night)
2. diurnal (day light)
A. Examination of microfilariae in the blood
When taking blood samples must be timely appropriate periodicity.
Species identification can be done by looking at microfilariae sheath (sheath). This is easily done with the help of the provision of paint.
- Curves
- The core of the body
- Additional core
2. Examination of microfilariae in the urine and other fluids.
Onchocerca volvulus • SpesiesWuchereriabancrofti and Loa loa are often found in the urine.
• Species of Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti was also found in lymph fluid aspiration.
• Loa loa is found in the cerebrospinal fluid aspiration.
3. Examination of skin biopsy
Species are often found are: Onchocercavolvulus, Dipetalonema streptocerca, Manzonella ozzardi, Wuchereria bancrofti
4. Lymphatic filarial
• Wucehereria bancrofti
• Brugia malayi
• Brugia timori
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